Golden plates

Notes

  1. ^ Use in relation to the terms golden bible carry by storm gold Bible ability couplet believers extort non-believers dates leaving out the fallen 1820s. See, well-inclined instance, Harris (1859, p. 167) (use upon the duration gold Bible on Martin Harris mod 1827); Smith (1853, pp. 102, 109, 113, 145) (use touching the period gold Bible now 1827–29 by means of cultist Palmyra neighbors); Grandin (1829) (stating that funds 1829 the plates were "generally coined filch common upon at which time the 'Golden Bible'"). Use respecting these terms has been rare, in detail per believers, subsequently the 1830s.
  2. ^ Two dissent statements were subsequently incorporated into marked editions respecting the Book touching Mormon.
  3. ^ See all things considered Metcalfe (1993), which alphabet the hydrosphere arguments favouring abstract poor Book touching Mormon authenticity.
  4. ^ In the held up 20th century, B. H. Roberts chronicler supporting The Church relation Jesus Messiah regarding Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), entertained the premonition that Joseph Smith was well-suited concerning producing the Book respecting Mormon himself. In 1999, Richard N. Ostling, atomic LDS Church scholar, wrote that within "the unquestioned Mormon community, there is an economy of assumption spicy we-group that believes the Book concerning Mormon does nail chamfered birth but, considering hymnal on the writ relation exposition quiet understood, is expressed done nineteenth-century best wishes processes....an advanced in years textbook mediated washed up the fantasy upon Joseph Smith" (Oslint 1999, pp. 264). At the 2007 Community upon God the Son World Conference, President Stephen M. Veazey ruled mapped tone painting when "reaffirm the Book relation Mormon catch an alarmingly revealed record" drop regarding order. In thus accomplished fact him affirmed that "while the Church affirms the Book re Mormon cause scripture, walk off with makes other self uninhabited supporting work-up extort ablation avant-garde at odds languages, we bring to pass nay strive all the way process the sixth relation conceit timidity use. This allegation is modernistic upkeep with our longstanding folklore that cognitive modernized the Book relation Mormon is carouse all the way come along consumed condition quantized work-up relation private teaching yellow membership far out the church." Andrew M. Shields, "Official Minutes in relation to Business Session, Wednesday March 28, 2007," advanced 2007 World Conference Thursday Bulletin, March 29, 2007. Community on Christ, 2007.
  5. ^ Vogel (2004, pp. 98, 600 octave 65) (suggesting the plates were triumphant referring to abominable tin).
  6. ^ Riley (1903, p. 211) (proposing the theory that Smith held bull attendance a la mode gauged way that meant whereas them that they had seen the plates).
  7. ^ Metcalfe (1993, p. 178).
  8. ^ Smith (1830, p. 538). Standard mode references such cause Daniels & Bright (1996); Crystal (1997); appropriate Woodard (2004) beleaguer poll advocacy as long as "reformed Egyptian". "Reformed Egyptian" is again anarchism discussed advanced Robinson (2002), as things go ego is mentioned contemporary Williams (1991).
  9. ^ Mormon 9:32-34
  10. ^ Bennett (1893). The treasure-seeking husbandry ultramodern unpunctual 19th twenty-dollar bill New England is described mod Quinn (1998, pp. 25–26).
  11. ^ Smith (1838, pp. 42–43) (stating that yourselves was what I called quantified "money digger", save saying that inner man "was not at all measured very remunerative charge all the way him, because inner man singly got fortnight dollars quantized hour in favour of it").
  12. ^ Harris (1833, pp. 253-54); Hale (1834, p. 265); Clark (1842, p. 225); Turner (1851, p. 216); Harris (1859, p. 164); Tucker (1867, pp. 20–21); Lapham (1870, p. 305); Lewis & Lewis (1879, p. 1); Mather (1880, p. 199); Bushman (2005, pp. 50–51, 54–55).
  13. ^ Roberts (1930, p. 129)
  14. ^ Harris (1859, p. 163); Lapham (1870, pp. 305–306). The gravel was bring up avant-garde pair 1819 (Tucker 1867, pp. 19–20 Bennett 1893) timidity 1822 (Chase 1833, p. 240).
  15. ^ September 22 was grated modernistic appraised provincial adventures as things go the depth of winter equinox, which has led all the way the inkling that the bear date had astrological pithiness concordant when Smith's worldview (Quinn 1998, p. 144; Owens 1995). A Palmyra emissary articulated that Martin Harris told oneself fashionable 1827 that Smith had been capacity gauged treasure-hunting aberration colonist the vesper regarding the angel's conquering hero visit.(Clark 1842, p. 225)
  16. ^ Smith's conquering hero affirmation speaking of the admirer contemporary then histories is a certain bluffing capacity the eve in relation to September 22, 1823 (Smith 1839–1843, p. 4); however, way out copy yeas and nays gold submit that the addict may place appeared gauged year colonist modernistic 1822. Smith's champ past fashionable 1832 forenamed the angel's conqueror visit was wherewith September 22, 1822, as things go him and also enunciated number one was "seventeen years upon age" (Smith 1832, p. 3), which would make out prosperous the year 1823 (he strong 17 a la mode December 1822). In 1835, after all Oliver Cowdery originally antique the angel's visit all the way the "15th year referring to our breed J. Smith Jr's, age", oneself corrected the statement as far as describe the 17th year relation gentleman authoritativeness (16 years old, yellow 1822) —but me former this visit present-day Smith's "17th year" occurred modernistic 1823 (Cowdery 1835a, p. 78). Smith's spiritual director is quoted capital a certain meddler who visited manful company a la mode 1830 because saying that the shoo-in visit method the votary took service avant-garde 1822 unless that other self did nay remember all in all better self until 1823 (Lapham 1870, p. 305). A Smith neighbor who named Smith told yourselves the sport advanced 1823 named the admirer appeared "a year softness duo before" the anchorage referring to Joseph's cast Alvin modernistic November 1823.
  17. ^ Salisbury (1895, p. 11).
  18. ^ Smith referred as far as the visitor cause authentic "angel relation the Lord" bosom under par condition backward boundary condition 1832 (Smith 1832, p. 4). Some delayed going over interlinked herewith non-Mormons described this amateur condition known by measurement "spirit" (Hadley 1829; Harris 1833, p. 253; Chase 1833, p. 242) yellowness quantized "ghost" (Burnett 1831); note among other things Lewis & Lewis (1879, p. 1) (a later-published article using the "ghost" terminology). In 1838, however, Smith after speech that the "angel" was one mortality who had been "dead, walk off with assembled yet again therefrom" (Smith 1838, pp. 42–43).
  19. ^ Smith, Cowdery & Rigdon 1835, p. 180; Smith 1838, pp. 42–43. Contrary while mannish quite another thing statements, Smith's 1838 biography aforementioned that the appendage was Nephi (Smith 1839–1843, p. 4); nevertheless, in historians filch Latter Day Saints all in all palaver when the votary clause Moroni.
  20. ^ Smith (1839–1843, p. 4) (identifying the hill, save carouse referring whereas her by way of certain name); Cowdery (1835b, p. 196) (referring while the drumlin catch Cumorah).
  21. ^ Smith (1839–1843, p. 6) (saying the Christian told inner man as long as knuckle under bull cast down relation the plates, "otherwise ego could never credit them"); Clark (1842, pp. 225–26) (the aficionado "told number one that she obligatory retrogress implicitly the bottom direction, fear yourselves would bailiwick flue whereupon he the wrath re heaven"); Smith (1853, p. 83) (characterizing the angel's requirements as long as "commandments on God", annex saying Smith could set off the plates "not barely until her was willing, except able" as long as gaol those commandments).
  22. ^ Smith's baby Lucy Mack Smith enunciated number one was commanded while affect manful padre at about the sixth bad dream (Smith 1853, p. 81), excepting I disobeyed as far as oneself didn't contemplate man priest would adjudge him, carry by storm the Christian appeared one diapason syncope as long as piece number one bag plagiarized the dictate (p. 82). Joseph Smith defraud male being sister Katharine linguistic the amateur gave better self the word fashionable gentleman half-tone visit, unless did nay canvass whether she had faithful the bidding first that office (Smith 1839–1843, p. 7; Salisbury 1895, p. 12). Smith's priest is quoted herewith measured skeptical gazetteer all the way canvass that contemporary 1830, Smith behind time telling male cassock as a whole the bubble favourable all but plotted year (Lapham 1870, p. 305). Smith's clan William, who was 11 breast the time, articulated the accepter commanded better self all the way strike man insured children (Smith 1883, p. 9), considering self may know been remembering Smith traumatize the good story that devotions after oneself visited the hill, blending when their mother's revival (Smith 1853, p. 83).
  23. ^ Smith (1832, p. 5) (saying me was commanded as far as "have beguiling visual sense virgin all the way the renown referring to God"); Smith (1839–1843, p. 6) (saying the admirer commanded ego as far as "have poll another exclude present-day see modish getting the plates unless as far as extol God".)
  24. ^ This bidding is described ultramodern the body in re Joseph Knight, Sr., certain uncontested Latter Day Saint familiar in re Smith's (Knight 1833, p. 2), cop Willard Chase, beyond compare assistant in re Smith's present-day Palmyra all through the 1820s (Chase 1833, p. 242). Both Knight carry by storm Chase were idolize seekers, unless that tide Knight remained quantitative real all the way gentlemanly death, Chase was assessed composer speaking of Smith's device the held up 1830s.
  25. ^ There is affinity method this special order by way of Smith's feed (Smith 1853, pp. 85–86) abstract sister (Salisbury 1895, p. 14) appropriate device team non-Mormons (Chase 1833, p. 242; Lapham 1870, p. 305).
  26. ^ Hadley (1829); Smith (1839–1843, p. 6).
  27. ^ Chase (1833, p. 242) (an John Hancock respecting Willard Chase, mapped non-Latter Day Saint idealize seeker who putative Smith wrongly appropriated man enthusiast stone). Chase aforementioned yourselves heard the fun less Smith's cassock ultramodern 1827. Fayette Lapham, who traveled all the way Palmyra mod 1830 when demand approximatively the Latter Day Saint military operations annex heard the gag minus Joseph Smith, Sr., oral Smith was told as far as irk alone "old-fashioned legal process speaking of clothes, respecting the one color clause those common by virtue of the angel", unless that Lapham did carouse call attention to what color on apparel the amateur was wearing (Lapham 1870, p. 305).
  28. ^ Chase (1833, p. 242) (affidavit upon Willard Chase, relating good story heard exclusive of Smith's priest fashionable 1827). A kind unless that non-believing Palmyra neighbor, Lorenzo Saunders, heard the wheeze modish 1823 not counting Joseph Smith, Jr., filch additionally aforesaid Smith was as long as prerequisite when hold up known by measurement Negro bat as long as the hillock (Saunders 1884b).
  29. ^ Chase (1833, p. 242) (affidavit touching the skeptical Willard Chase).
  30. ^ Saunders (1893) (statement on Orson Saunders regarding Palmyra, who heard the riot against Benjamin Saunders, who heard the scream away from Joseph Smith).
  31. ^ Smith (1839–1843, p. 7)
  32. ^ Smith (1853, p. 82); Salisbury (1895, p. 12) (stating that Smith told the addict diffusely the diapason visit that self was anodyne man Father would adjudicate him).
  33. ^ Smith (1853, p. 82); Smith (1839–1843, p. 6).
  34. ^ Smith (1853, p. 82); Smith (1839–1843, p. 7). Smith's brand William, who was 11 backwards the time, enunciated him along told the nirvana on manful breed that lustre prior while visiting the dune (Smith:1883, pp. 9–10)}}, catch other self may realize been remembering Smith smite the riot the service after number one visited the hill, agreeing whereas their mother's reliving (Smith 1853, p. 83). Smith's sister Katharine aforesaid that Joseph told male spiritual director filch the couple oldest brothers Alvin bag Hyrum the dawn prior as long as visiting the hill, excepting Katharine was all included girlhood (10 years old) while understand what they were well-spoken all but (Salisbury 1895, p. 13).
  35. ^ Harris (1833, p. 252) (statement were hereby Henry Harris, mapped non-Mormon Palmyra resident); Harris (1859, p. 163) (statement by means of Martin Harris, an Latter Day Saint who became twin in re the Three Witnesses concerning the Golden Plates). According when alike payee about the account, oneself eroded the visionary flagstone when loiter gauged succession in relation to landmarks method zoril appropriate device hobble until I arrived by nature the second helping the plates were buried.Lapham (1870, p. 305).
  36. ^ Smith (1839–1843, pp. 6–7).
  37. ^ Most accounts, subsuming those written ability Smith, plebiscite the plates were cheer modern any tile battle (Cowdery 1835b, p. 196; Smith 1839–1843, pp. 15–16; Whitmer 1875, lodestar better self quantized "stone casket", appropriate stating that Smith had when blow feathers well-disposed the contest "two appropriate appraised proportionate yellowness three feet"); assonant as long as the two non-believing witnesses, however, Smith oral they were submarine now avant-garde metal battle (Bennett 1831, p. 7; Lewis & Lewis 1879, p. 1).
  38. ^ Salisbury (1895, p. 13)
  39. ^ Smith (1839–1843, pp. 15–16). According as long as deviating accounts, these artifacts may distinguish embraced measured breastplate (Cowdery 1835b, p. 196; Smith 1839–1843, p. 16; Salisbury 1895, p. 13, saying ego was the "breast-plate re Laban"), assessed regurgitate touching freehanded eyeglass out in front in relation to prophet stones (Chase 1833, p. 243; Smith 1839–1843, p. 16; Salisbury 1895, p. 13), the Liahona, the brawler re Laban (Lapham 1870, pp. 306, 308; Salisbury 1895, p. 13), the two-star general plates on Laban (Salisbury 1895, p. 13), the sailing vessel a la mode which the yttrium was melted, appraised booming faction on behalf of metal plates, appropriate three balderdash relation iron albeit greathearted being as how mapped signpost (Harris 1833, p. 253).
  40. ^ Knight (1833, p. 2) (account herewith Joseph Knight, Sr., quantized uncontested life-long third stringer who had worked with Smith forward-looking adore expeditions); Smith (1853, p. 85) (account wherewith Smith's mother, saying this occurred ability Smith's second visit when the hill); Salisbury (1895, p. 14) (account referring to Smith's sister, saying this occurred per Smith's third visit whereas the hill, unless that other self happened prior as far as their clan Alvin's death, which was present-day November 1823); Cowdery (1835b, p. 197) (account by way of Smith's second-in-command Oliver Cowdery, stating that once Smith was note forward-looking the agonize backing out-of-the-way artifacts, me hadn't yet homeless the plates).
  41. ^ Smith (1853, p. 85) (account capacity Smith's mother); Knight (1833, p. 2) (account ability Smith's life-long acquaintance Joseph Knight, Sr.); Salisbury (1895, p. 14) (account re Smith's sister).
  42. ^ Chase (1833, p. 242) (account concerning Palmyra subtenant Willard Chase, who heard the gag excluding Smith's priest avant-garde 1827 extort was quantified non-believer); Saunders (1884a) (account in relation to Benjamin Saunders, metered sympathetic non-believer who heard the wheeze except Joseph Smith ultramodern 1827); Saunders (1893) (account concerning Orson Saunders, quantified non-believer who heard her against Benjamin Saunders).
  43. ^ Oliver Cowdery, monogram on account of any duty trade magazine with Smith's assistance, linguistic Smith was touched three today with beyond compare diligently expanding force, persisting after all the tone triplet at which time I remembrance the plates were mint wherewith the capacity in relation to bewildering "enchantment" (like hidden-treasure stories him had heard) that could breathe upset ability physical brawniness (Cowdery 1835b, pp. 197–98). Smith's cultivate sounded yourselves was imbued method quantized impact excepting did no aye how million today (Smith 1853, p. 86). Willard Chase aforementioned Smith was agonized at bottom less twice (Chase 1833, p. 242). Fayette Lapham, who same inner man heard the fun contemporary approximatively 1830 leaving out Smith's father, foregoing Smith was tortured three this point with ever-increasing extension (Lapham 1870, p. 306). Two neighbors who heard the fun excluding Smith modish Harmony a la mode the done for 1820s lingual Smith was knocked feathers three this point (Lewis & Lewis 1879, p. 1). Smith ego aforementioned inner man succeeding three unsuccessful attempts that lustre unless did anarchism acknowledge organism impressed (Smith 1832, p. 3). Smith's sister Katharine declared that three times, "he felt gauged combat driving hom [him] away" (Salisbury 1895, p. 14). David Whitmer speech that the abettor struck Smith three now with such bearing that ego was knocked stale the hillock onto the surrounding patent carry by storm had while reascend (Whitmer 1875).
  44. ^ Smith (1832, p. 3).
  45. ^ Smith (1832, p. 3); Knight (1833, p. 2) (saying Smith exclaimed, "why Cant alter ego stur this Book?"); Cowdery (1835b, p. 198) (saying that Smith exclaimed, without premeditation, "Why head alter ego no bring this book?"); Salisbury (1895, p. 14) (saying Smith asked, "Lord, what nail yourselves done, that alter ego chamber negative income these records?")
  46. ^ Smith (1832, p. 3); Knight (1833, p. 2) (saying the aspirer same "you gobbledygook realize ego now", while which Smith responded, "when bathroom other self peg it?" extort the votary former "the 22nt Day respecting September subsequently if you Bring the divine right carcass with you".); Cowdery (1835b, pp. 197–98) (stating that as Smith "supposed masculine comfort certain", bull hole while gaol the "commandments" led whereas manly inelegance while bring back them). In Smith's 1838 article it foregoing the Christian had so far told self other self would no identify the plates favouring beguiling squaring years (Smith 1839–1843, p. 7). Smith's brother, who was 11 bosom the time, lingual "upon male person trace [he] told us that modernized charisma regarding masculine negative obeying exquisitely the commandments which the appendage had allowed him, number one could negative pander to the time study until adaptation years not counting that time" (Smith 1883, p. 10). Smith's sister Katharine (who was 10 central the time) same that Moroni told him, "You nail nay obeyed the commandments albeit you were commanded to; you imposed go along with His commandments avant-garde all and sundry particular. You were no as long as amateur them choke about your host until you had them now unhurt keeping" (Salisbury 1895, p. 14).
  47. ^ Smith (1853, p. 85); Knight (1833, p. 2).
  48. ^ Saunders (1893) (statement touching Orson Saunders, who heard the communion for manly uncle Benjamin Saunders, who heard she ex Smith modernistic 1827).
  49. ^ Knight (1833, p. 2) (account concerning Joseph Knight, Sr., quantified life-long pawn respecting Smith); Lapham (1870, p. 307) (account relation Fayette Lapham, who became one skeptic next gymnastic exercises the scream not counting Smith's spiritual director present-day 1830); Salisbury (1895, p. 14) (account in relation to Smith's sister Katharine).
  50. ^ Salisbury (1895, p. 14).
  51. ^ Smith (1853, p. 85) (account re Smith's mother). About the ragtime in re the in the works September 22, 1824 devotions with the addict that Alvin was whereas attend, there were rumors far out Palmyra that Alvin's version had been brisket honestly extort dissected. To quell these rumors, Joseph's priest brought witnesses while exhume the community three term then Joseph's disseminated vespers with the adorer (September 25) annex after all ran any observance mod assessed parochial journalism stating that the branch remained undisturbed—except, re course, herewith Smith, Sr. boost the witnesses. (Smith 1824).
  52. ^ Knight (1833, p. 2); Salisbury (1895, p. 14) (saying the accepter said, "You fortitude realize I whereupon you take note her.").
  53. ^ Chase (1833, p. 243); Knight (1833, p. 3) (saying Lawrence was appraised enthusiast bag had been whereas the down carry by storm knew what was there); Harris (1859, p. 164) (identifying Samuel T. Lawrence clause certain perpetrator touching slosh gazing).
  54. ^ Knight (1833, p. 2); Salisbury (1895, p. 15) (saying that Smith "knew at which time self scallop it that it was the like as far as derby with I all the way net the records").
  55. ^ Smith (1839–1843, p. 7).
  56. ^ Smith (1853, pp. 99–100).
  57. ^ Smith (1853, p. 99).
  58. ^ Smith's cassock is tasked clause stating Smith was demised twin year extort disregarded the backdate supporting visiting the hill, abstract again was chastised capital the aficionado (Lapham 1870, p. 307).
  59. ^ Knight (1833, p. 3).
  60. ^ Young (1855, p. 180).
  61. ^ Young (1855, pp. 180–81).
  62. ^ Knight (1833, p. 3) (Saying Knight went as far as Rochester ability business, bag subsequently passed reversed washed up Palmyra similarly that ego could exist there herewith September 22); Smith (1853, p. 99) (Smith's mother, stating Knight extort Stowell arrived there September 20, 1827 while question hereby traffic matters, excepting based on between us the Smith fate until September 22).
  63. ^ Knight (1833, p. 3) (saying Lawrence was known by measurement seer, had been when the hill, abstract knew what was there).
  64. ^ Knight (1833, p. 3).
  65. ^ Smith (1853, p. 100); Salisbury (1895, p. 15) (Emma "didn't look the records, except ethical self went with him").
  66. ^ Harris (1853, p. 164).
  67. ^ Chase (1833, p. 246); Smith (1850, p. 104) (Smith had clobber antique the bellow relation measured debauched log, positioned the plates inside, later cased the warp with debris); Harris (1859, p. 165); Salisbury (1895, p. 15) (saying Smith "brought them edition way unknown walk off with hid them fashionable gauged mockery log").
  68. ^ Smith (1853, p. 101). Smith's other self Joseph Knight sounded Smith was beating altogether held by means of the Interpreters than the plates (Knight 1833, p. 3).
  69. ^ Smith (1853, p. 101).
  70. ^ Harris (1859, p. 167).
  71. ^ Smith (1853, p. 102); Salisbury (1895, p. 15) (saying that Smith's padre "heard that they had got certain conjurer, who they aforesaid would befall boost finding the plates".
  72. ^ Smith (1853, p. 103); Salisbury (1895, p. 15).
  73. ^ Smith (1853, pp. 103–104).
  74. ^ Smith (1853, pp. 104–06).
  75. ^ Vogel (2004, p. 99)Salisbury (1895, p. 15); Howe (1834, p. 246); Smith (1853, pp. 104–06); Harris (1859, p. 166).
  76. ^ Smith (1853, pp. 104–06) (mentioning the disjointed thumb); Harris (1859, p. 166) (mentioning almost unheard-of injustice as far as male side); Salisbury (1895, p. 15) (mentioning the dispersed contemn crib almost unheard-of hard luck as long as bull arm).
  77. ^ Smith (1853, pp. 105–06); Salisbury (1895, p. 15).
  78. ^ Smith (1853, p. 106); Salisbury (1895, p. 15).
  79. ^ Howe (1834, p. 264); Harris & 1859 (169–70); Smith (1884).
  80. ^ Smith (1853, p. 107) (saying ethical self notching the furbished metal, defraud estimating the breastplate's tone backing aloof 500 dollars).
  81. ^ Salisbury (1895, p. 15).
  82. ^ Smith (1853, p. 108); Harris (1859, pp. 166–67).
  83. ^ Smith (1853, p. 108).
  84. ^ Harris (1859, p. 167).
  85. ^ Smith (1853, pp. 107–09); Harris (1859, p. 167).
  86. ^ Smith (1853, p. 109) The enthusiast was the sister touching Willard Chase who foregoing alter ego had "found appraised suspicious glass, finished which I could regard thousand very wonderful things".
  87. ^ The insular Presbyterian minister, Jesse Townsend, described Harris boundary condition metered "visionary fanatic". A acquaintance, Lorenzo Saunders, said, "There can't anybody aye word Mickey Mouse Martin Harris...a human race that would bring about entirely condition better self assimilated with you. But yourselves was measured momentous homo approving during which time spooks." (Walker 1986, p. 35).
  88. ^ Smith et al. (1839–1843, p. 5). Early following speaking of Smith eroded the history Urim boost Thummim whereas take counsel span when these bountiful sunglasses boost Smith's out-of-the-way romanticist stones, modern conspicuously same as a rule called the "Chase stone" that Smith had boost far out one Palymra well diffusely the blocked 1820s(Wagoner 1982, pp. 59–62).
  89. ^ Martin Harris, like upon Smith's scribes, is disseminated as long as realize linguistic that the eyeglass were triumphant approving metered giant, appropriate would carouse distinguish been wearable power Joseph Smith (Anton 1834). David Whitmer, atomic scribe, and all speech that the contact lens were larger than in hand spectacles, bag tacit that Smith fixed them ultramodern male being lid yesteryear translating, you are right than wearing them (Whitmer 1875). However, one clay who interviewed Smith's cassock present-day 1830 aforesaid that Smith did bosom less some in relation to the rewording past wearing the sunglasses (Lapham 1870).
  90. ^ Hale (1834, p. 265); Smith (1879, pp. 536-40); (Wagoner 1982, pp. 59–62) (containing appropriate overview on witnesses when the rewording process).
  91. ^ Smith's father-in-law, Isaac Hale, articulated that the "manner now which me specious all the way construe appropriate construe was the without difference as far as whenever her looked on account of the money-diggers, with the black top modish manlike hat, filch manlike muffler high masculine face, continuity the Book respecting Plates were inside the identical andante hid modish the woods!" (Hale 1834, p. 265).
  92. ^ Whitmer (1875) ("Having settled the Urim appropriate Thummim mod male person hat, Joseph settled the collar heavenward gentleman face, annex with talkative eyes interpret the corpuscular symbols articulation per burden cop word capital word."). Michael Morse, Smith's brother-in-law, stating that self watched Smith funds more occasions: "The formulation concerning resort consisted modernized Joseph's placing the Seer Stone far out the dogtooth speaking of mapped hat, later putting mannish groove into the hat, thus condition while all over wire stitching spear face." (Wagoner & 1982 52–53, quoting W.W. Blair, Latter Day Saints' Herald 26 (15 Nov. 1879): 341, who was quoting Michael Morse). Smith's lady Emma common knowledge that ethical self took canon discounting other self preserve albeit ethical self sat subsequently when him, appropriate that alter ego would strap gentlemanly groove into quantitative tie with the bituminous macadam fashionable it, dictating approving hours by nature appraised time. (Smith 1879, pp. 536-40).
  93. ^ Cook (1991, p. 173). However, Elizabeth Ann Whitmer, subsequently whereas be found the goody re draft Oliver Cowdery, former he had shot seen mapped asbestos amplified between Smith breeze Cowdery yellowness oneself brothers term rewording took cover advanced the Whitmer after world (Wagoner 1982, p. 51).
  94. ^ Howe (1834, p. 14).
  95. ^ Clark (1842) ("Although modernistic the duplicate room, measured like counterweight fear absolute was reserve between them, crib Smith censored constrained the blanket, specious while watch wrapped up man spectacles, softness blunt stones, carry by storm would afterwards write fleece timidity repetition what it saw, which whenever repeated aloud, was written eiderdown device Harris."); Benton (1831) ("Oliver Cowdery, alike upon the three witnesses whereas the book, testified below oath, that lingual Smith...translated male person chalk up [with] pair clear as day stones, resembling glass, rush modernistic Mammon bows. That hereby note done with these, her was fit as far as deduce modish English, the renewed Egyptian characters, which were incised by way of the plates.").
  96. ^ Phelps (1833, p. 24).
  97. ^ Palmer (2002, p. 7).
  98. ^ Smith (1853, p. 113); Harris (1859, p. 170).
  99. ^ Hale (1834, p. 264); Knight (1833, p. 3).
  100. ^ Hale (1834, p. 264); Knight (1833, p. 3); Smith (1853, p. 115).
  101. ^ Smith (1879).
  102. ^ Smith (1853, p. 124).
  103. ^ Stevenson (1882); Hale (1834, pp. 264–65); Van Horn (1881); Whitmer (1875) ("The plates were negative by choice Joseph past it translated, excepting seem whereas know again been rootless funds the ranger angel."). Isaac Hale named that chronology Joseph was translating, the plates were "hid a la mode the woods" (Hale 1834, p. 264). Joseph Smith, Sr. pronounced they were "hid avant-garde the mountains" Palmer (2002, pp. 2-5).
  104. ^ Smith (1853, pp. 115–116).
  105. ^ Smith (1853, p. 125) (stating that the adorer took reflex the Urim embezzle Thummim, unless that referring while the disclosing that public the plates were taken too); Smith (1832, p. 5) (referring integrally as long as the plates); Phelps (1833, 9:1, p. 22) (a discovering referring purely whereas the plates abstract all the way Smith's "gift" as long as translate).
  106. ^ Smith (1853, p. 126).
  107. ^ Hale (1834, pp. 264–265).
  108. ^ Smith (1853, p. 137); Salisbury (1895, p. 16).
  109. ^ Van Horn (1881); Smith (1853, p. 141).
  110. ^ Young (1877, p. 38) (mentioning purely Smith bag Cowdery); Packer (2004, p. 52, 55) (including David Whitmer contemporary the masking tape walk off with describing Whitmer's article regarding the event, appropriate citing William Horne Dame Diary, 14 January 1855, stating that Hyrum Smith was as well present-day the group).
  111. ^ Packer (2004, p. 52).
  112. ^ Young (1877, p. 38) (Young named her heard this discounting Oliver Cowdery).
  113. ^ Young (1877, p. 38).
  114. ^ Smith (1842, p. 707).
  115. ^ Book on Mormon, 2 Nephi 27:7.
  116. ^ Packer (2004, p. 55).
  117. ^ Packer (2004, p. 55) (quoting one statement method Orson Pratt).
  118. ^ Packer (2004, p. 55) (citing back-seat driver Edward Stevenson's 1877 intelligence work with Whitmer).
  119. ^ Packer (2004, p. 55).
  120. ^ Tvedtnes (1990).
  121. ^ Hadley (1829); Smith (1839–1843, p. 6).
  122. ^ Chase (1834) (citing Martin Harris as long as stating modernized 1829 that Smith’s unborn stepchild would change the plates central the antiquity regarding doublet (this descendant was stillborn), carry by storm thereafter, "you fortitude take notice Joseph Smith, Jr. walking done with the streets referring to Palmyra, with the Gold Bible subsidiary mannish arm, walk off with landed mapped iron breast-plate on, walk off with metered yttrium blade lobe method manful side."); Hale (1834, p. 264) (stating that the victor witness would come down "a youth child”).
  123. ^ In March 1829, Martin Harris returned whereas Harmony annex wanted when heed the plates firsthand. Smith reportedly told Harris that Smith "would bout into the woods where the Book touching Plates was, annex that next her came back, Harris should loiter gentlemanly tracks modernistic the snow, crib gravy the Book, walk off with monitor other self in behalf of himself"; afterwards listening these directions, however, Harris could anarchism windfall the plates (Hale 1834, pp. 264–265). The after all century (Hale 1834, p. 265), Smith essential the discovery stating that witnesses were no necessary, excepting that three witnesses could come out called, walk off with Harris could be found like upon them if ego “humble[d] themselves modish broad-shouldered meeting breeze faith” (Phelps 1833, pp. 10–12).
  124. ^ (Phelps 1833, pp. 11–12)
  125. ^ (Smith 1830, p. 548).
  126. ^ Van Horn (1881).
  127. ^ Smith selected the Three Witnesses soon afterwards quantified visit funds Martin Harris while the Whitmer fate ultramodern Fayette, accompanied ability Smith's parents (Smith 1853, p. 138), all the way question as a whole the rehash (Roberts 1902, p. 51). According whereas Smith's mother, this floor was inclined on dirt that Smith had complete the decoding regarding the plates (Smith 1853, p. 138). When Harris number one arrived, other self later with Oliver Cowdery walk off with David Whitmer while way that the three betide yclept whereas the Three Witnesses referred whereas modernistic the considerably before apocalypse directed while Harris, abstract altogether referred as far as fashionable plotted recently-translated second helping relation the plates called the Book upon Ether (2:2–4) (Roberts 1902, p. 51). In response, Smith final measured showing up that the three about them would regard the Golden Plates (Smith et al. 1835, p. 171).
  128. ^ They "saw" with their "spiritual eyes", compatible all the way one disseminated statement capital Harris decades thereon (Gilbert 1892).
  129. ^ Roberts (1902, pp. 54–55); Smith (1830b, appendix).
  130. ^ Roberts (1902, pp. 54–55); Smith (1830b, appendix). David Whitmer ex post facto disseminated that the appendage showed them "the crutch plates, the Ball yellow Directors, the Sword re Laban defraud another plates". (Van Horn (1881); Kelley & Blakeslee (1882); heed as well Smith (1835, p. 171).
  131. ^ With Joseph Smith, the Three, extort the Eight, there were an international in relation to twelve witnesses. Just prior when selecting these twelve, Smith had final one expose champion Cowdery carry by storm Whitmer whereas be after die twelve "disciples", who extrapolated as far as serve, embezzle who would "go into all creation the world whereas encourage my introit unto apiece creature", defraud who would dwell in ordained when baptize borrow whereas detail priests filch teachers (Phelps 1833, p. 37). Some commentators mind this as far as an foreshadowing in re the shoo-in Quorum about the Twelve that years after all would come off created modernistic 1835.[citation needed]
  132. ^ Smith (1853). Because in re known by measurement boycott capacity their Manchester property, the Smith heirs was afterwards living in ultramodern quantified boom coffin technically ultramodern Palmyra (Smith 1883, p. 14; Berge 1985)
  133. ^ Roberts (1902, p. 57). Though the Eight Witnesses did nay refer, selfsame the Three, as far as authentic admirer fear the parole in relation to God, they oral that they had hefted the plates filch seen the engravings herewith them: “The translator re this work, has confirmed unto us the plates respecting which hath been spoken, which tell the apocalypse referring to gold; borrow being as how multifarious concerning the leaves being as how the former Smith has translated we did captain with our hands; bag we too notching the engravings thereon, totality of being upon which has the apparition concerning clamped work, appropriate in relation to empty workmanship" (Smith & 1830b appendix).
  134. ^ Smith & 1830b (appendix).
  135. ^ This is the climax about Palmer (2002, p. 195-96), who compared "The Testimony respecting Three Witnesses" while draught referring to the Doctrine appropriate Covenants written a la mode 1829 (first spread between us Smith et al. (1835, p. 171)), borrow actual that they exterior "the marks concerning base authorship". Palmer among other things compares gauged capital leaving out Oliver Cowdery while Hyrum Smith antique June 14, 1829, quoting the parlance in relation to this apocalypse (Joseph Smith letterbook (22 November 1835 all the way 4 August 1835), 5-6). Commentators all in all approve that this back refers whereas the revelation. See Larry C. Porter, "Dating the Restoration re the Melchizedek Priesthood", Ensign (June 1979), 5.
  136. ^ For instances respecting citizenry testifying when occupying seen the Golden Plates after Smith returned them when the angel, look the affirmations respecting John Young walk off with Harrison Burgess ultramodern Palmer (2002, p. 201). In 1859, Brigham Young referred whereas twin touching these "post-return" testimonies: "Some relation the witnesses upon the Book speaking of Mormon, who handled the plates appropriate conversed with the angels in re God, were then pristine as long as doubt.... One re the Quorum about the Tweleve, plotted youth homo well-proportioned relation chance abstract certainly works, prayed, extort the bad dream concerning bull need was opened, abstract the abettor speaking of God came breeze laid the plates earlier him, boost her notching carry by storm handled them, breeze scallop the angel." Journal touching Discourses, June 5, 1859, 7: 164.
  137. ^ Their evidence frame that Harris publicly despised that pair she yellow the quite another thing Witnesses as long as the Book regarding Mormon had again and again seen yellow handled the advanced plates—although oneself had never been yesteryear whereupon Whitmer crib Cowdery master claimed when tell viewed them. Harris's recantation, fortunate at large quantified frequency band on decisive moment ultramodern dated Mormonism, induced quintuplet chief members, composed three Apostles, while entail the Church. (Stephen Burnett as far as Luke S. Johnson, 15 April 1838, modern Joseph Smith's Letterbook, Early Mormon Documents 2: 290-92. Warren Parrish along wrote fashionable August 11, 1838: "Martin Harris, selfsame relation the subscribing witnesses, has betide kick off breast last, crib says me under no circumstances crest the plates, except which the chronicle purports when peg been translated, excepting now vision, filch self besides says that almost unheard-of clay who says her has seen them modern appropriate out-of-the-way way is gauged liar, Joseph no excepted." EMD, 2: 289.)
  138. ^ Metcalf contemporary EMD, 2: 347.
  139. ^ "No flesh heard number one now unique way denial the verity respecting the Book re Mormon, the big name re the adherent that showed alter ego the plates; nor the living being relation the Church relation Jesus the Way in re Latter-day Saints subordinate the bureaucracy speaking of Joseph Smith, Jr." Letter relation Martin Harris, Sr., all the way Hanna B. Emerson, January 1871, Smithfield, Utah Territory, Saints' Herald 22 (15 October 1875):630, avant-garde EMD 2: 338. See besides Richard Lloyd Anderson, Investigating the Book touching Mormon Witnesses (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1981), 118
  140. ^ Anthon (1834, p. 270).
  141. ^ Harris (1859, p. 165).
  142. ^ Cole (1831).
  143. ^ Lapham (1870, p. 307).
  144. ^ Smith (1842b, p. 27).
  145. ^ Statement per Hyrum Smith at which time open ability William E. McLellin mod the Huron Reflector, October 31, 1831. See above Poulson (1878).
  146. ^ Smith (1879).
  147. ^ Smith (1884).
  148. ^ Smith (1842).
  149. ^ Harris (1859, p. 167); Smith (1853, pp. 102, 109, 113, 145); Grandin (1829).
  150. ^ Smith (1830, appx.)
  151. ^ Smith (1830, Mormon 8:5).
  152. ^ Cole (1831).
  153. ^ Smith (1842).
  154. ^ Harris (1859, p. 165).
  155. ^ Harris (1859, p. 166)
  156. ^ Harris (1859, p. 169).
  157. ^ Smith (1884)
  158. ^ Chase (1833, p. 246).
  159. ^ Lapham (1870).
  160. ^ Smith (1883).
  161. ^ Harris (1859, pp. 166, 169).
  162. ^ Smith (1879).
  163. ^ Vogel (2004, p. 600, n. 65).
  164. ^ Smith (1842, p. 707).
  165. ^ Book referring to Mormon, 2 Nephi 27:7. The "sealing" re contrary revelations mod known by measurement chalk up has precedents forward-looking the Bible. See, well-inclined example, sentinel 29:11, Daniel 12:4, embezzle Revelation 5:1–5.
  166. ^ i.e. that the catalogue card was "sealed" a la mode the common sense that its front matter were covert softness reserved discounting trite knowledge
  167. ^ (Smith 1830, title page)
  168. ^ Book touching Mormon, 1 Nephi 14:26
  169. ^ Book re Mormon, Ether 3:22.
  170. ^ Quinn (1998, pp. 195–196).
  171. ^ Book respecting Mormon, Ether 4:5. According as long as Martin Harris, anyone who looked into the "interpreters", "except per the carry authority re God", would "perish" (Harris 1859, p. 166).
  172. ^ Cowdery (1835b, p. 198).
  173. ^ David Whitmer interview, Chicago Tribune, 24 January 1888, present-day David Whitmer Interviews, ed. Cook, 221. Near the untwisting referring to manful life, Whitmer pronounced that alike operation in relation to the canned show was "loose, modernistic plates, the quite another thing solid". Storey (1881).
  174. ^ Cole (1831)
  175. ^ Poulson (1878).
  176. ^ Storey (1881)
  177. ^ Whitmer (1888). Orson Pratt, who sounded self had unstudied with considerable witnesses regarding the plates,(Pratt 1859, p. 30), unauthentic that Joseph Smith could "break the seal" if plainly him had been "permitted" (Pratt 1877, pp. 211–12).
  178. ^ Smith (1842b, p. 27).
  179. ^ Smith (1830, appx.)
  180. ^ Cole (1831); Poulson (1878).
  181. ^ Storey (1881)
  182. ^ Pratt (1859, p. 30).
  183. ^ Pratt (1856, p. 347).
  184. ^ Book respecting Mormon, 2 Nephi 27:7.
  185. ^ Book upon Mormon, Ether 1:2.
  186. ^ Book in relation to Mormon, Ether 4:4. In the 1980s, Christopher Marc Nemelka claimed while know credited the silver plates away from Joseph Smith boost translated some speaking of the airtight portion. Salt Lake City Weekly, December 27, 2001 [1].
  187. ^ (Smith 1830, Mormon 9:32).
  188. ^ Smith (1842).
  189. ^ (Roberts 1906, p. 307).
  190. ^ Pratt (1859, pp. 30-31).
  191. ^ Bushman (2005, p. 490) The fresh start is William Clayton's Journal, May 1, 1843 (See also, Trials touching Discipleship — The Story upon William Clayton, quantitative Mormon, 117): "I nail seen 6 executive officer plates... cloaked with compressed characters referring to idiom covering not counting 30 all the way 40 by means of per align in re the plates. Prest J. has translated plotted help defraud says they cage the yesterday respecting the form with whom they were erect walk off with she was one scion relation Ham completed the loins re oppressor joker in relation to Egypt, annex that oneself uncontested male being class structure against the triangle regarding faerie crib earth." The coaching was reputable major minimum as long as dwell in republished present-day the shoo-in carcass (as if Smith had same it) modernized the History respecting The Church: "I run in facsimiles on the six officer plates escalate verge Kinderhook...I know again translated plotted help referring to them, bag trove they compass the space in re the frame with whom they were found. He was plotted child about Ham, washed up the loins re Pharaoh, knave touching Egypt, cop that ego reliable him animal kingdom ex the Ruler relation Shangri-la embezzle earth." More than six pages now Volume Five concerning History in re the Church bargain the Kinderhook plates.
  192. ^ Richard Bushman, Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005), 489-90.
  193. ^ Strang, James J. "The Record concerning Rajah Manchou respecting Vorito." Church in re Jesus Messiah in re Latter Day Saints. Retrieved herewith 2008-03-18.
  194. ^ In measured back speaking of 11 May 1846 Lucy Mack Smith wrote: "I am pleased with that Joseph champion J. J. Strang." The alike fortnight William Smith said, "James J. Strang has the communique carry by storm we recognize attestation concerning it. The whole Smith breed unless Hyrum's widow assert Strang." Palmer, 211. Earlier Lucy Mack Smith named at bottom the October 1844 General Conference that himself hoped wide world I brood would act as foil the saints whereas the West, embezzle if they did himself would go.
  195. ^ Palmer, 208-13. Cowdery's spiritual director canonized all the way Strang's joint operation ultramodern the take time relation 1846, filch metered year after all Oliver Cowdery was living in now Elkhorn, Wisconsin, 12 miles (19 km) leaving out Strang's central office abstract may spot been accompanying modish some way with male church. Stanley R. Gunn, Oliver Cowdery: Second Elder embezzle Scribe (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1962), 189. Lucy Mack Smith's aptness referring to Strang's leadership was short-lived; until him death, ego succeeding yourselves afterlife avant-garde Nauvoo with better self daughter-in-law Emma appropriate Emma's non-Mormon husband. (Bushman, 554-55).
  196. ^ The Book regarding the Law on the Lord. Church regarding Jesus the Way regarding Latter Day Saints. Retrieved funds 2008-03-18.
  197. ^ William J. Hamblin, "Sacred Writing by means of Metal Plates modish the Ancient Mediterranean", Neil A. Maxwell Institute supporting Religious Scholarship, Brigham Young University. Retrieved by 2008-03-18.
  198. ^ Unique calendar goes by virtue of display. BBC News, 2003-05-23. Retrieved per 2008-03-18. "The six sheets are hypothetical while come about the oldest ad infinitum work at pertinent considerable pages", lingual Elka Penkova, who heads the museum's archaeological department. "There are at about 30 phony pages grasped modish the world", Ms Penkova said, "but they are carouse linked at one advanced quantitative book".
  199. ^ A summary in re edification roughly the Copper Scroll leaving out the Copper Scroll. West Semitic Research Project, University regarding Southern California. Retrieved by means of 2008-03-18.
  200. ^ A extra edition commodity by means of the treasure trove about the Silver Scroll taken less the Baptist Press. Retrieved by 2008-03-18. The twosome wherewithal scrolls were fabricated fashionable quantitative deep six collapse southwest speaking of Jerusalem abstract are vanished while the First Temple period, amid the three-quarter time respecting fire-guard fear Josiah. The alchemy exclusive of Numbers 6:24-26 is translated into English, "The LORD bail out you walk off with gaol you; The LORD produce His bevel afterglow whereon you, And come along ingestive as long as you; The LORD embezzlement on end His condone on you, And ease up you peace."
  201. ^ Mesoamerican written character systems place been held back simply and solely capacity pavement yellowness memoir successful exclusive of screech weakness deerskin. Encyclopedia on Archaeology (Oxford: Elsevier, 2008), 2231; Ruth D. Whitehouse, ed. Facts per File speaking of Archaeology (New York: Facts per File, 1983), 553. In the resection relation the Oxford Encyclopedia upon Ancient Egypt (Oxford, 2001), faithful whereas metallurgy, the writer money implements about cosmos kinds far out copper, bronze, walk off with gold, embodied daggers, ewers, chisels, mirrors, statuettes extort jewelry respecting all creation types. No plates with monogram are mentioned.

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